Brown Jay

The Brown Jay (Psilorhinus morio) is a large passerine bird belonging to the Corvidae family. Its range extends from the Lower Rio Grande Valley in southern Texas through Mexico and into Central America, reaching as far south as northwestern Panama. Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre+1Wikipédia, l'encyclopédie libre+1 South Dakota Birds+2birdsoftheworld.org+2birdsoftheworld.org+2

Physical Description

Adult Brown Jays typically measure between 38 to 44 centimeters (15 to 17 inches) in length and weigh approximately 173 to 224 grams. Their plumage varies geographically: northern populations are almost entirely dark brown with lighter brown underparts, while southern populations exhibit white underparts and bright white tips on the outer tail feathers. Adults have black bills and legs, whereas juveniles display yellow eye rings, bills, and legs. Wikipedia, l'enciclopedia libera

Habitat and Distribution

Brown Jays inhabit a variety of environments, including woodland edges, second-growth forests, and areas near water sources. They are commonly found in the canopies of these habitats but will also forage on the ground when necessary. Their distribution spans from the Gulf Coast of Mexico through Central America, with their northernmost presence in the Rio Grande Valley of Texas. South Dakota Birds+4app.birda.org+4birdsoftheworld.org+4

Behavior and Diet

These social birds are often observed in noisy, cohesive flocks. Their vocalizations are loud and carry over long distances, with calls described as a shrill, explosive "pyow! pyow!" Brown Jays are omnivorous, feeding on a diverse diet that includes insects, other invertebrates, lizards, fruits, and nectar. They primarily forage in trees but will also descend to the ground to seek food. Audubon app.birda.org

Reproduction

Breeding typically involves cooperative nesting, with multiple individuals assisting in raising the young. Nests are constructed in trees or large shrubs, and clutch sizes can range from three to six eggs. The incubation period lasts between 18 and 20 days, during which the female incubates the eggs while being fed by the male. Juveniles may also help in feeding the nestlings. Wikipedia, la enciclopedia libre

Conservation Status

The Brown Jay is currently classified as a species of Least Concern by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), indicating a stable population without significant immediate threats.

褐色松鴉（Psilorhinus morio）是大型雀形目鳥類，屬於鴉科。其分佈範圍從德克薩斯州南部的下里奧格蘭德河谷，經過墨西哥，延伸至中美洲，最南達巴拿馬西北部。 birdsoftheworld.org